Maharashtra

Gateway to the South

StateWest IndiaCapital: MumbaiEst. 1 May 1960
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Overview

Quick facts at a glance

India's financial and entertainment hub, blending Mumbai's commerce with the Deccan plateau's forts and Ajanta-Ellora heritage.

Capital
Mumbai
Largest City
Mumbai
Region
West
Formed
1 May 1960
Area
307,713 km²
Population
112,374,333 (Census 2011)
Languages
Marathi
Other Languages
Hindi, Konkani
Earlier Names
Part of Bombay State
Districts
36
Lok Sabha
48
Assembly
288
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History

How Maharashtra came to be

Home to the Maratha Empire under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj; became a unified Marathi-speaking state in 1960 after the split of Bombay State.

Earlier / Historical Names

  • Part of Bombay State
Verification✅ VerifiedLast Verified02 July 2026Verified byIndia Atlas Editorial Desk
Historical background compiled from the National Portal of India (Know India) and standard state gazetteers.

Did You Know?

Surprising highlights

Did you know

Mumbai's Dabbawalas deliver lunchboxes with near-zero error rates.

Did you know

The Ajanta and Ellora caves showcase rock-cut architecture spanning centuries.

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State Symbols

Emblems of identity

Giant squirrel

State Animal

Yellow-footed green pigeon

State Bird

Jarul

State Flower

Mango

State Tree

Lavani

State Dance

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Culture & Festivals

Living traditions

Folk Dances

  • Lavani
  • Tamasha

Traditional Dress

Dhoti and Nehru topi for men; nauvari saree for women

Festival Carousel

Ganesh Chaturthi

Maharashtra's largest festival, honouring Lord Ganesha with elaborate public pandals.

Gudi Padwa

Marks the Marathi new year.

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Cuisine

Flavours of Maharashtra

Ranges from spicy Kolhapuri curries to coastal Malvani seafood and Mumbai street food.

Popular Dishes

Vada Pav

Puran Poli

Misal Pav

Popular Sweets

Puran Poli

Modak

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Tourism & Attractions

Places to explore

Top Attractions

Gateway of India

Iconic archway monument overlooking Mumbai harbour.

Ajanta and Ellora Caves

Ancient rock-cut Buddhist, Hindu and Jain cave monuments.

Lonavala-Khandala

Popular hill station getaway near Pune and Mumbai.

UNESCO World Heritage

  • Ajanta Caves
  • Ellora Caves
  • Elephanta Caves
  • Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus

National Parks

  • Sanjay Gandhi National Park
  • Tadoba Andhari

Tiger Reserves

  • Tadoba-Andhari
  • Melghat
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Geography & Nature

The lay of the land

Major Rivers

  • Godavari
  • Krishna
  • Tapi

Mountain Ranges

  • Western Ghats (Sahyadri)

Major Lakes

  • Lonar Lake
Highest Peak
Kalsubai
Climate
Tropical monsoon on the coast, semi-arid on the plateau
Rainfall
Very high on the Western Ghats, low in the rain-shadow Deccan
Forests
Western Ghats moist forests, dry deciduous inland
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On the Map of India

Location & land neighbours

Neighbouring States & UTs

  • Gujarat
  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Chhattisgarh
  • Telangana
  • Karnataka
  • Goa
Verification✅ VerifiedLast Verified02 July 2026Verified byIndia Atlas Editorial Desk
Source: Survey of IndiaGovernment
Location and land neighbours as depicted on the Survey of India political map of India.
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Economy & Agriculture

How Maharashtra works

Home to India's principal stock exchanges, a large film industry, and major IT and automotive manufacturing clusters.

Key Industries

  • Finance (Mumbai)
  • Bollywood/media
  • IT (Pune)
  • Automobiles

Major Crops

  • Cotton
  • Sugarcane
  • Jowar

Largest Producer Of

Onions and grapes among major states

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Infrastructure & Connectivity

Getting around Maharashtra

Road Network
Mumbai-Pune Expressway and extensive highway grid
Railways
Major rail hub at Mumbai (CSMT)

Airports

  • Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport

Major Ports

  • Jawaharlal Nehru Port
  • Mumbai Port

Metro Rail

  • Mumbai Metro
  • Pune Metro
  • Nagpur Metro
Verification✅ VerifiedLast Verified02 July 2026Verified byIndia Atlas Editorial Desk
Road, rail and air connectivity per the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Indian Railways and the Airports Authority of India.
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Education & Research

Centres of learning

Major Universities

  • University of Mumbai
  • IIT Bombay
  • Savitribai Phule Pune University

Research Institutes

  • Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
  • Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Verification✅ VerifiedLast Verified02 July 2026Verified byIndia Atlas Editorial Desk
Major universities recognised by the University Grants Commission and state government listings.
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Heritage & GI Tags

Craft & legacy

GI-Tagged Treasures

Alphonso Mango

Kolhapuri Chappal

Paithani Sari

Monuments

Gateway of India

Ajanta & Ellora Caves

Raigad Fort

Handicrafts

Paithani weaving

Warli painting

Kolhapuri footwear

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Prominent Personalities

Icons of Maharashtra

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Freedom Fighter

Homi Bhabha

Scientist

Lata Mangeshkar

Artist

Sachin Tendulkar

Sportsperson

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Interactive Timeline

Tap any milestone to expand

2nd century BCE–480 CERock-cut cavesAncient
Ajanta caves are carved as Buddhist monastic retreats.
1674Maratha EmpireMedieval
Shivaji Maharaj is crowned Chhatrapati, founding the Maratha Empire.
1853First passenger railwayColonial
India's first passenger train runs between Bombay and Thane.
1960StatehoodFormation
Maharashtra is formed as a Marathi-speaking state after the Samyukta Maharashtra movement.
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Frequently Asked

Good to know

What is the financial capital of India?+
Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra, is widely regarded as India's financial capital and hosts the BSE and NSE stock exchanges.
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Sources & Verification

Authoritative references used to verify facts on this page

Sources

Last verified: 02 July 2026 · Facts without a listed source are marked “Verification Pending” and are being audited progressively via the CMS.

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