Himachal Pradesh

Land of Snowy Mountains

StateNorth IndiaCapital: ShimlaEst. 25 January 1971
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Overview

Quick facts at a glance

A mountainous northern state of apple orchards, colonial hill stations, and Himalayan trekking routes.

Capital
Shimla
Largest City
Shimla
Region
North
Formed
25 January 1971
Area
55,673 km²
Population
6,864,602 (Census 2011)
Languages
Hindi
Other Languages
Pahari dialects, Kangri
Earlier Names
Union Territory of Himachal Pradesh (1948–71)
Districts
12
Lok Sabha
4
Assembly
68
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History

How Himachal Pradesh came to be

Formed by merging several Punjab hill states and princely states after independence; attained full statehood in 1971.

Earlier / Historical Names

  • Union Territory of Himachal Pradesh (1948–71)
Verification✅ VerifiedLast Verified02 July 2026Verified byIndia Atlas Editorial Desk
Historical background compiled from the National Portal of India (Know India) and standard state gazetteers.

Did You Know?

Surprising highlights

Did you know

Shimla served as the summer capital of British India.

Did you know

Himachal is one of India's largest apple-producing states.

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State Symbols

Emblems of identity

Snow leopard

State Animal

Western tragopan

State Bird

Pink rhododendron

State Flower

Deodar

State Tree

Nati

State Dance

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Culture & Festivals

Living traditions

Folk Dances

  • Nati
  • Kinnauri Nati

Traditional Dress

Himachali cap (topi) with kurta-pajama; woollen dress for women

Festival Carousel

Kullu Dussehra

A week-long celebration where local deities are ceremonially gathered.

Losar

Tibetan Buddhist new year celebrated in Lahaul-Spiti and Kinnaur.

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Cuisine

Flavours of Himachal Pradesh

Hearty mountain cuisine with lentils, dairy and slow-cooked dishes.

Popular Dishes

Dham

Siddu

Popular Sweets

Til Chauli

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Tourism & Attractions

Places to explore

Top Attractions

Shimla

Former British summer capital known for colonial architecture.

Manali

Popular hill town and gateway to Himalayan treks and passes.

Spiti Valley

High-altitude cold desert valley with ancient monasteries.

UNESCO World Heritage

  • Kalka-Shimla Railway (Mountain Railways of India)

National Parks

  • Great Himalayan National Park

Wildlife Sanctuaries

  • Pin Valley
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Geography & Nature

The lay of the land

Major Rivers

  • Beas
  • Sutlej
  • Ravi

Mountain Ranges

  • Pir Panjal
  • Dhauladhar

Major Lakes

  • Chandratal
  • Renuka Lake
Highest Peak
Reo Purgyil
Climate
Temperate to alpine depending on elevation
Rainfall
High in the lower hills, low in the trans-Himalayan tracts
Forests
Extensive deodar and pine forests
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On the Map of India

Location & land neighbours

Neighbouring States & UTs

  • Punjab
  • Haryana
  • Uttarakhand
  • Jammu and Kashmir
  • Ladakh
Verification✅ VerifiedLast Verified02 July 2026Verified byIndia Atlas Editorial Desk
Source: Survey of IndiaGovernment
Location and land neighbours as depicted on the Survey of India political map of India.
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Economy & Agriculture

How Himachal Pradesh works

Apple horticulture, hydroelectric power and tourism are the mainstays, with a growing pharma manufacturing belt.

Key Industries

  • Horticulture
  • Hydropower
  • Tourism
  • Pharmaceuticals (Baddi)

Major Crops

  • Apples
  • Maize
  • Wheat

Largest Producer Of

Apples among northern states

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Infrastructure & Connectivity

Getting around Himachal Pradesh

Road Network
Hill roads including the Hindustan-Tibet Road
Railways
UNESCO-listed Kalka-Shimla narrow-gauge railway

Airports

  • Shimla Airport
  • Kullu-Manali Airport
Verification✅ VerifiedLast Verified02 July 2026Verified byIndia Atlas Editorial Desk
Road, rail and air connectivity per the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Indian Railways and the Airports Authority of India.
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Education & Research

Centres of learning

Major Universities

  • Himachal Pradesh University
  • IIT Mandi
Verification✅ VerifiedLast Verified02 July 2026Verified byIndia Atlas Editorial Desk
Major universities recognised by the University Grants Commission and state government listings.
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Heritage & GI Tags

Craft & legacy

GI-Tagged Treasures

Kangra tea

Chamba Rumal

Monuments

Christ Church, Shimla

Kangra Fort

Handicrafts

Chamba Rumal embroidery

Kullu shawls

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Interactive Timeline

Tap any milestone to expand

Ancient periodHill kingdomsAncient
Numerous small hill states such as Kangra and Kullu develop distinct identities.
1864Summer capitalColonial
Shimla becomes the summer capital of British India.
1948Union of hill statesFormation
Over two dozen princely hill states merge to form Himachal Pradesh.
1971Full statehoodFormation
Himachal Pradesh becomes India's 18th state.
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Frequently Asked

Good to know

When did Himachal Pradesh become a full state?+
It attained full statehood on 25 January 1971, having earlier been a Union Territory since 1948.
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Sources & Verification

Authoritative references used to verify facts on this page

Sources

Last verified: 02 July 2026 · Facts without a listed source are marked “Verification Pending” and are being audited progressively via the CMS.

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